Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (Grade 6)
About Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy
Name and Equivalent Name
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is also known as Titanium Grade 6. It conforms to international standards, including UNS R54520, ASTM B348, DIN/EN 3.6755, AMS 4918, and ISO 5832-5, ensuring consistency across various industries.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Basic Introduction
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is an alpha-titanium alloy known for its superior thermal stability and corrosion resistance. It performs exceptionally well at elevated temperatures, maintaining mechanical strength and fatigue resistance under long-term thermal cycling. This makes it suitable for aerospace, automotive, and chemical processing industries.
The alloy's lightweight nature and good weldability allow it to be used in structural components, pressure vessels, and engine parts. With high fracture toughness and creep resistance, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn offers long-term reliability under stress, making it a preferred material for critical applications in high-temperature environments.
Alternative Superalloys of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn
Alternatives to Ti-5Al-2.5Sn include Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) for applications that require higher strength but operate at lower temperatures. Ti-3Al-2.5Sn is another option for weight-sensitive designs, offering better weldability but reduced high-temperature stability.
Inconel 718 may be used when extreme heat resistance is needed, though it comes at the cost of added weight. Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo provides enhanced oxidation resistance but is more challenging to machine compared to Ti-5Al-2.5Sn.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Design Intention
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn was designed to meet the needs of industries requiring a lightweight yet durable material that can withstand prolonged high temperatures. Including tin improves thermal stability, while the absence of vanadium ensures excellent biocompatibility, making the alloy suitable for aerospace and medical applications.
Its design balances mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, allowing it to maintain performance under thermal cycling. Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is a go-to material for aerospace engines, exhaust systems, and structural components exposed to high temperatures.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Chemical Composition
The alloy's chemical composition ensures excellent mechanical performance and thermal stability, with aluminum contributing to strength and tin enhancing thermal properties.
Element | Content (wt%) |
|---|---|
Aluminum (Al) | 4.5 – 5.5 |
Tin (Sn) | 2.0 – 3.0 |
Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.25 |
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Physical Properties
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn offers high thermal conductivity and a lightweight structure, making it an efficient material for aerospace and industrial applications.
Property | Value |
|---|---|
Density | 4.55 g/cm³ |
Melting Point | 1600°C |
Thermal Conductivity | 17.1 W/(m·K) |
Elastic Modulus | 110 GPa |
Metallographic Structure of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn has an alpha-phase microstructure, providing excellent stability at elevated temperatures. The alpha phase ensures corrosion and thermal fatigue resistance, making the alloy suitable for long-term thermal cycling.
Heat treatment can optimize the grain structure to enhance mechanical properties such as creep strength and fatigue resistance. This structure allows weldability, ensuring consistent performance across welded joints in aerospace and automotive applications.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Mechanical Properties
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn offers excellent mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, even at temperatures up to 450°C, making it ideal for high-temperature environments.
Property | Value |
|---|---|
Tensile Strength | 820 – 900 MPa |
Yield Strength | 750 MPa |
Hardness | ~30 HRC |
Elongation | ~18% |
Key Features of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy
Superior Thermal Stability Ti-5Al-2.5Sn maintains mechanical integrity at elevated temperatures up to 450°C, making it ideal for aerospace engines and exhaust systems exposed to prolonged heat.
Corrosion Resistance The alloy offers excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring durability in harsh environments such as marine and chemical processing industries and reducing maintenance costs.
Good Weldability Ti-5Al-2.5Sn can be readily welded without compromising its mechanical properties, making it suitable for fabricating complex structures in aerospace and automotive applications.
Fatigue Resistance With excellent fatigue resistance, this alloy ensures long-term reliability under cyclic loading, which is essential for aerospace and automotive components.
Creep Strength Ti-5Al-2.5Sn offers good creep resistance at high temperatures, ensuring long-lasting performance under stress and making it suitable for turbine engines and industrial machinery.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy’s Machinability
Vacuum Investment Casting: Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is not typically used in Vacuum Investment Casting because its alpha microstructure limits fluidity, making it less suitable for casting complex geometries.
Single Crystal Casting: Single Crystal Casting is not ideal for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, as the alloy is designed for equiaxed or alpha-phase microstructures rather than single-crystal forms required for high creep applications.
Equiaxed Crystal Casting: Equiaxed Crystal casting is a suitable method for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn. It ensures uniform grain distribution, enhancing fatigue resistance and mechanical strength.
Superalloy Directional Casting: Although Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is thermally stable, Superalloy Directional Casting is not commonly used for this alloy due to its limited creep resistance compared to nickel-based superalloys.
Powder Metallurgy Turbine Disc: Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is not typically used for Powder Metallurgy Turbine Disc applications due to its lower high-temperature strength than other alloys like Inconel.
Superalloy Precision Forging: Superalloy Precision Forging is highly effective for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, enhancing the material’s strength and fatigue resistance for aerospace and automotive components.
Superalloy 3D Printing: Ti-5Al-2.5Sn can be used in Superalloy 3D Printing but is less common. Its use is limited to applications requiring high precision and thermal resistance.
CNC Machining: CNC Machining of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn requires specialized tools, but it provides excellent surface finish and dimensional precision, making it ideal for aerospace parts.
Superalloy Welding: Superalloy Welding of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is effective, as the alloy offers good weldability without compromising mechanical properties, which is ideal for pressure vessels and exhaust systems.
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP): Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is helpful for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, improving fatigue life and eliminating internal voids in components exposed to cyclic thermal loads.
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy Applications
Aerospace and Aviation: In Aerospace and Aviation, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is used for structural components, engine parts, and exhaust systems due to its lightweight and thermal stability.
Power Generation: In power generation, the alloy is applied to turbine casings and heat exchangers, ensuring reliability under moderate heat conditions.
Oil and Gas: The Oil and Gas industry utilizes Ti-5Al-2.5Sn in pipelines and valves for offshore equipment, offering corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.
Energy: In Energy systems, the alloy is used in structural supports for wind turbines and solar energy installations, ensuring longevity and fatigue resistance.
Marine: The marine industry benefits from Ti-5Al-2.5Sn’s corrosion resistance in seawater environments, which is used for propeller shafts and underwater housings.
Mining: In Mining, the alloy finds applications in drill bits, pump housings, and wear-resistant components, ensuring durability in harsh conditions.
Automotive: Automotive applications include connecting rods, valve springs, and exhaust systems, where weight reduction and thermal stability are essential.
Chemical Processing: In Chemical Processing, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is used for reactor vessels and heat exchangers, providing resistance to aggressive chemicals.
Pharmaceutical and Food: Due to its corrosion resistance and durability, the Pharmaceutical and Food industries use this alloy for hygienic equipment such as mixers and valves.
Military and Defense: In Military and Defense, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is employed in aircraft components and armor plating, providing lightweight protection with mechanical strength.
Nuclear: The Nuclear sector uses Ti-5Al-2.5Sn in reactor components, leveraging its stability and resistance to radiation-induced corrosion.
When to Choose Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Superalloy
Custom superalloy parts made from Ti-5Al-2.5Sn are ideal for applications requiring a balance of lightweight design, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. It is particularly effective in aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors where weight savings are essential without compromising strength. The alloy performs well under cyclic thermal loading, making it a reliable choice for turbine engines and exhaust systems. Its corrosion resistance makes it suitable for chemical and marine environments, ensuring long-term durability. Ti-5Al-2.5Sn also offers excellent weldability, allowing for seamless fabrication of complex structures. With good fatigue resistance and mechanical stability, it meets the stringent demands of industries that require reliable performance under dynamic conditions.
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